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Archive for November, 2009

Avoiding the Freshman 15

Ah, the freedom of college life. I can smell it in the air! It smells like pizza–lots and lots of pizza.

As you are studying for the SAT and simultaneously daydreaming about your first year at college, you may be anticipating the newfound freedom that college life offers: no one tells you what to do, when to clean your room, and, of course, what to eat. Without the incessant (but wise) guidance of your parents, you will have to make some important decisions on your own. Sure, it’s liberating, but it could also be disastrous–for your waist-size at least.

If you’re wondering what “The Freshman 15” means, the saying refers to the supposed fifteen pounds that every college freshman will gain by the end of his or her first year. Fifteen pounds! While the mythical weight gain may not be scientific fact, it does have some validity.

When you think about it, the sudden change of lifestyle that comes with college can really add on the pounds. First of all, much of college life is sedentary for many students. There are no more P.E. classes or high school sports teams to keep you active. While you will probably have access to a gym in college, it may take some time to integrate an exercise routine into your very busy (and fun!) schedule. Second, don’t forget that college can be stressful, as all new experiences can be. For some, the shock of college-level academic material and homesickness may bring on the stress, which, as we all know, takes its toll on our bodies. Throw in some greasy cafeteria food–to which you have unlimited access–and college becomes a four-star resort bent on expanding your belly.

You don’t have to worry, though. Avoiding the Freshman 15 is all about making good choices and exercising your will power. Here are a few simple tips to keep you healthy:

1.    Beware of Dorm Food: Not all dorm food is bad, but remember to eat in moderation. When eating in a buffet-style cafeteria, it’s tempting to load your tray with everything that looks remotely palatable. You don’t have to eat this way. One entrée and one side dish will be fine.

2.    Don’t Load Up on Desserts: When college freshmen first step into the cafeteria, their first reaction is often like that of a kid in a candy store. In fact, college freshmen in a cafeteria are kids in a candy store. Cookies, ice cream, and other decadent treats are there for the taking. Use the same logic with dessert that you use with dinner: just because it’s there, it doesn’t mean you have to eat it. One cookie or one small ice cream cone is fine once in a while. When you find yourself overcome by temptation, just think back to life before college. Did you always have ice cream or cookies with dinner? I didn’t think so.

3.    Fruits and Veggies Are our Friends: Dorapplesmitory cafeterias are not like the evil witches from fairy tales. They are not trying to fatten you up with ice cream and candy for the sole purpose of eating you later. Cafeterias offer healthy food, too, like fruits and vegetables! Yay! Well, maybe cauliflower is not that exciting. But why not a salad with dinner or an apple with breakfast? Trust me, it’ll be tasty.

4.    Integrate Exercise into your Schedule: This one may be one of the hardest things to do as a freshman. Between new friends, class, parties, and studying, who has time for exercise? Luckily, most campuses have free access to a university gym. The best thing you can do is find a gym buddy in the dorm. Going to the gym is much easier when you have a buddy, and it’s a great way to meet new people. If treadmills and free weights aren’t your thing, try running around campus (also easier with a buddy). If you’re the sporty type, all you need is a football or soccer ball to transform a nearby lawn into a pickup-game paradise. And hey, even throwing a Frisbee around is decent exercise! No excuses!

There you have it. If you follow these simple steps, the only thing you’ll bring home for summer will be your luggage.

How to study the week before the SAT

So it’s one week to the SAT and you probably thinking that that is more than enough time. In fact, you might even wish it were Friday so that you can get the test over and done with. But time has a tendency of slipping by really quickly and us tutors at Grockit would hate to see you panicking the night before about vocabulary lists, math formulas and grammar rules. Especially when a lot of you have been putting in so many hours grockiting to achieve that purple belt! So here are few tips to get through the week and make sure that you’re in top form for the SAT.

7 days before the SAT
Familiarize yourself with the test directions
Read the directions to the test several times. Know how to shade in your name, information etc. Make sure you know where and how to shade the bubbles, especially for the free response questions in the math section. This way, you won’t have to waste precious time reading the directions during the test.

Take two full length SAT tests (yes, that includes the Essay too!)
Do your best to simulate the test conditions. Make sure you have everything in front of you – timer, pencils, eraser, calculator, water – and just power your way through the test. This is good practice in keeping to the time limit and familiarizing your body with the stress of taking a 4 hour long test. When you’re done, have someone grade it and give your mind a good break. Often times, your brain will feel fried having done section after section of SAT questions, so review your mistakes only when you feel recharged.

Take it slightly easy
If you’re not doing a practice test that day, try to spend an hour or two practicing some reading, writing and math problems. Don’t overdo it. You might want to try getting into a Grockit game with some new people to explain things to them – teaching helps to reinforce concepts and earns you Grockit points! If you ever start to panic that you’re not doing enough, make a list of what you think you should do and then do it systematically. Lists help a lot when you’re feeling overwhelmed by all the things you feel you need to be doing.

Get into a routine
Try and get into some sort of routine at least 4 days before the SAT. This is a suggestion: review some math formulas before you sleep, get the right amount of sleep, wake up around the same time and review some vocabulary at breakfast. This way, when you have to wake up early on Saturday and review some notes, your body will be used to it and it won’t take you as long to concentrate.

Essay Prep
If you haven’t been prepping for your essay, now’s the time to do it. Your teachers will have gone through 5 paragraph essays in class. That’s the format you should stick to. What you need to do now is to research a few stock examples that you can adapt to any question. Try to have at least one person or event from history and from literature you’ve read. Flexible examples include Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Atticus Finch from To Kill a Mockingbird, William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. You may even want to get a thread going on Grockit forums sharing the examples you’ve used and the way you’ve used them!

The day before the SAT (Friday)
Review and Relax
You should be prepared by now. You shouldn’t be trying to work your way through more questions today. Rather, review your math notes, grammar rules and the examples you’ve prepped for you essay. Try and avoid going to practice and tiring yourself out too much today. I’m sure your coach and teachers will understand if you need to take it easy. Don’t spend more than one hour reviewing your notes; at this point, you just want to feel confident and relaxed.

SAT day (Saturday)
Breakfast Strategy
Wake up an hour or two before you need to leave and eat a good and balanced breakfast. Make sure not to overeat or have anything too greasy – more blood will be redirected to your stomach to digest everything, leaving less blood to keep your brain sharp and alert. While you’re eating, do a quick review of your math and grammar rules and then spend some time reading a difficult article (e.g. an editorial or report in the New York Times). Often, the first complex thing people read on SAT day are the reading comprehension passages. Reading a report at breakfast will help wake your brain up before hand. When you’ve finished, you’re all set to go! Good luck!

Have any test day tips? Please visit the Grockit forum or leave a comment here to share!

How to Get a Letter of Recommendation

There are many reasons to have a letter of recommendation, whether for college, jobs, or even to join a professional organization later on in life they almost always come in handy. Yet your introduction to this process will probably come in high school when you ask your teachers or advisors to write a letter for your prospective schools. Not every school needs a letter of recommendation; in fact, for larger state universities like UCLA or Berkeley, none are necessary, but for smaller universities and liberal arts colleges they can make or break your application. A great recommendation matched with good ACT scores and grade point can be the deciding factor that will let you into your college of choice.  To get the best recommendations takes practice, though. I will guide you through the steps.

First, find out what the school needs. Usually they provide the forms online with the application. Print these out and attach them with a paperclip to a large letter-size envelope that has the address of the college admissions office printed on it. Do not forget a stamp. Just because your teacher or guidance counselor agreed to write a letter on your behalf, does not mean they need to buy you postage too!

Next, find the person who can recommend you best. Answer these questions before choosing someone. Who, out of all the faculty and staff, knows you the best? Who do you know the best? Who among this group is known to write letters? Finally, who is a good writer? You need to think about all of these questions before choosing someone. Notice how one of those questions is not, “Who is the most important person you know?” If your cross-country coach knew you pretty well, why not ask him or her for a letter? Who knows, he or she may know more about your character and your capabilities than any teacher you have. Some colleges require that one letter comes from a guidance counselor or school principal. In that case what better time to get to know your principal’s office than senior year?

It is now time to ask for a recommendation. Find a time to meet with your teacher. Do not do this before class or in the middle of periods. Choose a good time that you can sit down and just talk. If your teacher does not have that time to talk to just you, then maybe he or she is not the best letter writer. Remember, you need to find someone who knows you really well. Make sure during that chat that you mention what the college is looking for, what you want to be highlighted in the letter, and when the letter is due. If it is all online, make sure he or she knows the website (and even the log-on information). You should not write the recommendation, but make sure your writer knows what to focus on. A résumé can do wonders in this regard.

Finally, after the letter is turned in, write a nice thank you note to your recommender. This can be short but it should be handwritten and signed. Do not skimp in this department—a thank you note can go a long way. Also remember to let that person know what your future plans are. Good or bad, your recommender will want to know. Who knows, one day he or she could ask you for a recommendation and need to know your address. It happened to me and it could happen to you.

Please visit the Grockit forum or leave a comment here to discuss further.

Getting Letters of Recommendation

Most colleges require at least one letter of recommendation.  5 years ago, Berkeley didn’t require any letters and I suspect that is why I got in.  (Even though I got straight A’s and did sports, I hardly got to know my teachers or participated in class.)  Which is why I approached things differently in college.

1) Identify your recommenders early

It doesn’t hurt to know who you are going to ask by junior year.  It takes time to build up a relationship with a teacher and for them to get to know you.  The longer you know the teacher, the more they know about your learning style, your work ethic, your leadership skills etc.  You may want to ask a teacher in whose class you’re doing well, but keep in mind that grades aren’t everything.  Even if you are acing your assignments without much help, take your work in periodically to discuss the material and ask for feedback.

2) Demonstrate that you are a valuable member of the classroom

Speak up in class but don’t speak for the sake of speaking either.  It is very obvious when people speak just to be noticed and there are several variants of the saying that “an empty vessel makes the most noise”.  Don’t pass yourself off as an empty vessel.

Volunteer to take on class duties and demonstrate that you are a good leader during group discussions and presentations by directing the conversation, keeping the discussion on topic yet giving everyone a chance to voice their opinion.  Even as you are stating your point of view, acknowledge what your team members are saying too.  (E.g. “As Allison said,…”, “I agree with Bob but…”)  This is especially useful when your teacher is making the rounds and checking in on the groups.

3) The same applies to after school activities and sports

Coaches can be good recommenders.  Think about it, how much time a week do you spend at practice and with your team mates?  And for how many years?  This is huge opportunity for your coaches to observe your time management skills, your dedication, your leadership skills and your general greatness as a person who supports his or her team mates.  Take the initiative when organizing fundraisers for your club or study sessions around midterms and finals or an alumni day for alumni who have moved on to college.

4) Give your recommenders a draft personal statement

This statement can even be in point form, but it should give them an idea of the schools you are interested in applying to, why you want to spend the next four years of your life there, the academic subjects that interest you and all the other awesome things that you are doing with your time in high school.  This especially helps if your teacher doesn’t know you very well or only knows you from that one class you took with him or her.  In any event, it makes it easier for them to tailor their letter to your interests.  For example, all your English teacher might know is how great you are at literature and that you’re a very active member in drama club.  He or she might not know how much you enjoy Biology and that your primary motivation in applying to Stanford is their excellent biology program and facilities.  This is where your draft statement helps.

5) Follow up

Make sure you print out all the forms and instructions and hand them to your recommender.  Don’t feel bad following up three weeks later.  If they have already submitted it, write them a thank you note.  If not, just give them a gentle reminder.  When the results come out, let your recommenders know which offer you decided to take up.  If they’ve taken the time and effort to write a letter for you, they will definitely want to know the outcome and where you are headed.  They could even offer some valuable insight if you are undecided about which offer to accept.  Remember, they’ve been doing this for years and plenty of seniors ahead of you have faced the same decisions you have and your teachers and coaches have seen all that.

Letters of recommendation should be easy to get.  Just get a head start and put some effort into building solid relationships with your teachers and coaches.  You can be as involved as you want in high school and there are plenty of opportunities for you to demonstrate your potential and shine.  And it won’t go unnoticed.

Please visit the Grockit forum or leave a comment here to discuss further.

Tackling SAT Word Problems

Even the strongest SAT Math student can be troubled by the occasional tough SAT word problem. It’s important not to rush when you read these types of questions. Make sure to read methodically and be confident you understand each part of the problem before you move on. Many students find themselves setting up equations and solving algebraically before they’ve even understood what the question is really asking!

Make sure to circle the question at the end of the word problem. Ask yourself: what do the answer choices represent? Practice will make you faster but when it comes to perfecting your strategy, slow and steady wins the race!

One of the ways you can quickly sharpen your word problem skills is to practice translating English into Math. Certain words and phrases commonly occur in word problems and knowing the Math processes they represent will help you gain confidence. Here are a few examples:

Need more SAT practice? Try this multiple choice practice problem and see if you’re ready for test day!

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The Act Reading: Passage by Passage pt 2

In the first post we discussed Humanities passages on the ACT reading section. This article will continue with three more topics the ACT reading section will test you on.

Social Sciences

These questions will deal with sociology and anthropology (the study of societies and people), history, economics, politics, or geography. For example, a passage may deal with recent elections in India, the development of communism in the mid-1800s, or the Boer Wars. A passage could alternately talk about Mexican culture during the 1900s. Do you know anything about any of these events or people? Do not worry, it is not important. All you need to know should be included in the passage itself. Like the humanities passage, find the passage’s main idea, the supports, and the important details and star or underline them.

The social studies passages may be more fact-based, so also be aware that it is important to note those facts you find as important details. This will pay off when you are answering the questions.

Natural Sciences

These questions are all about the science you studied in school. They could cover anything from geology to biology, physics to chemistry, or paleontology to zoology so be prepared. Do not worry if you are not familiar with any of these topics, the information will be provided in the passage. Remember, just like the Humanities or Social Studies questions, the author will have a main idea. It may just be something straightforward like “the newt is a clever animal” but it will be present. The meaning of the passage flows from the thesis, so once you find this you are in good stead.

Do not be worried if there are some words or concepts you do not understand in the passage. You are not responsible for knowing them. You are responsible for understanding the larger meaning of the passage, but do not let one or two examples throw you off the track. Sometimes, in context, these unfamiliar ideas will make sense. You should not have to guess, but if you run up onto a question you simply do not understand, go back to the passage and see if you can get it through reading more about the idea; this may mean looking through more than the lines suggested in the question, but it is worth it for the answer.

Prose Fiction

These questions may be the most difficult to study for. There may not be a thesis. There may not be a main idea. Instead of looking for that, find the story. First, ask these questions: What is it about? Who are the characters? What is the plot? What are the characters’ motivations? Once you know more about the story and the players involved, the answers will be easier to find.
The passages are usually written by unknown authors and are rather straightforward stories, so do not worry, there will not be much by way of Milton. The prose will be understandable. The questions will be like those for the other passages; there will be questions about the story, what you can infer from certain paragraphs, and the meaning of certain words within the context of the story. Be prepared to treat the Prose Fiction section like any other, but also know that answering the questions could be less straightforward than finding the facts. Do not be afraid to make inferences.

The ACT Reading will ultimately test your ability as a reader. You will do better if you practice, so crack open those books and get reading.

How to Choose a College, Part One

Let’s face it, getting into college doesn’t stop at a stellar ACT or SAT score. Not only can choosing which schools to apply to be a daunting task, but also completing applications, personal statements, letters of recommendation, and financial aid paperwork can be less fun than studying for midterms. There are thousands of colleges and universities in the US to choose from and the application process for these schools can be less stressful if you have an organized plan of action. Grockit’s guest blog series at www.eduinreview.com offers insight on how to select schools, manage the application process, and look into financial aid. Eduinreview is a site dedicated to helping students through all areas of the education process.  Check out the first post from last weekend.

The Application Process, pt 1

Let’s face it, getting into college doesn’t stop at a stellar ACT or SAT score. Not only can choosing which schools to apply to be a daunting task, but also completing applications, personal statements, letters of recommendation, and financial aid paperwork can be less fun than studying for midterms. There are thousands of colleges and universities in the US to choose from and the application process for these schools can be less stressful if you have an organized plan of action. Grockit’s guest blog series at www.eduinreview.com offers insight on how to select schools, manage the application process, and look into financial aid. Eduinreview is a site dedicated to helping students through all areas of the education process. Check out the first post from last weekend.

Improving Paragraphs: Using Parallel Structure

How do you improve this sentence?

1. Today at the beach we will most likely skateboard, play Frisbee, and to eat hot dogs.

a) As it is
b) Today at the beach we will probably find time to skateboard, playing Frisbee and to eat hot dogs.
c) Today at the beach we will most likely skateboard, play Frisbee, and eating hot dogs.
d) Today at the beach we will most likely skateboard, play Frisbee, and eat hot dogs.
e) At the beach today, we most likely skateboard, play Frisbee and eat hot dogs.

The first thing I recognize when I read this sentence is that something is definitely off with one of the verbs. Before I even knew about parallel structure, I could probably tell you that D is right; it is “eating” and not “to eat.” It’s almost a rule of thumb, if you have a group of verbs they should be of the same tense. But what does that mean exactly?

It just sounds right? Right. Well, let’s be honest, there’s more to it. Parallel construction means that whether it’s a group of verbs, adverbs, clauses, nouns, adjectives, or any other part of speech, if you are listing, they have to be consistent. Let’s look at an example. Let’s combine these two sentences:

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The Act Reading: Passage by Passage pt 1

The ACT Reading is a brutal section. It has four passages on four distinct topics, Humanities, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, and Prose Fiction, forty questions, and a time limit of thirty-five minutes. In this article, I will take you on a tour of the four passages, what to look out for, and how to approach each one.

There are ways to study for the section, foremost among them, reading. You will do better on this test if you are a habitual reader. If you are an active reader, one who looks for the book’s main ideas, highlights or underlines details, and never fails to comment on them, then you will do well on this test. If you are an eclectic reader and one who looks for books on a wide range of subjects, well, you are even better prepared. But do not worry, for all of these, you will not need to know anything about the topic.

Of course, understanding the context of the passage will help but it is not necessary. For example, if you know that Werner Heisenberg was a vocal critic of the nuclear bomb after World War II, you may rightly guess that in his memoirs he is against nuclear proliferation. Then again, a good passage will provide its own context. You may not know Werner Heisenberg from Werner Herzog but judging by the tone of the passage, you should understand that he is not in favor of more nuclear bombs. Here is a breakdown topic by topic.

Try this ACT reading practice question!

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