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Archive for February, 2010

ID sentence errors – adjective/adverb confusion

In this segment, we will take a look at adjective/adverb confusion in the SAT writing section for the “ID sentence errors” section.

In general, an adjective is any word that is used to modify a noun or pronoun. An adverb modifies a verb, adjective or another adverb.

For example:

Adjective – The woman’s amazing voice resounded in the room.
Adverb – The woman’s voice resounded amazingly.

In the first case, the adjective “amazing” is modifying the noun “voice.” And in the second case, the adverb “amazingly” is modifying the verb “resounded.” It’s a subtle difference, but one that is tested on the SAT.

Now in everyday speech, you’re hard pressed to find someone who speaks grammatically 100% of the time. Because of this, we hear a lot of adjectives where adverbs should go. But unfortunately, the SAT doesn’t care about what happens in real life, so it’s something you’re going to have to try and spot.

Luckily, it is very simple to check. When coming across an “ID sentence errors” question, check every underlined choice to see if any of them contain an adjective. If so, then it’s matter of checking the context of the adjective.

Example: The bold spoken words could not sway the jury’s decision.

In this case, the adjective “bold” should be changed to the adverb “boldly” because it is modifying “spoken” which is an adjective. In the context of the sentence, the “words” themselves aren’t bold, but the way that they are spoken is bold.

By spotting adjectives in the ID sentence error choices, it is easy to tell if they are incorrect or not. Just remember the definitions of adjective and adverb. If the underlined adjective is modifying a noun or pronoun, then it is fine. If it is modifying an adjective, adverb or verb, then you should change it to an adverb.

Another defining factor of the adverb is that adverbs will answer the questions “how,” “when,” “where,” and “how much.” But again, make sure to keep the main tenant in mind. Adjectives – nouns/pronouns, Adverbs – verbs/adjectives/adverbs.

With these hints in mind, it’ll be easier to find the adjective/adverb questions in the ID sentence errors. Granted, not every question will deal with this subject, but if it does, it only takes a few seconds to spot whether or not an answer choice is an adjective. And, like I said before, if there is an adjective in an answer choice, then you can spot to see if it is used correctly by remembering the definitions of adjectives versus adverbs.

Play an SAT game on Grockit for more ID sentence errors practice.

Elementary Algebra Pt. 1

Algebra is a branch of mathematics that describes equations and arithmetic “symbolically.” Whereas in normal arithmetic an expression like “2+2” has a definite answer, in algebra unidentified numbers can be symbolically represented by variables; “a,b,c,x,y, or z”. A simple addition in algebra could look like this “a+b=c”. With these concepts, we can look at an algebraic equation.

x+6 = 16”

When we are presented with an algebraic equation like this, we can actually “solve the equation” which just means we can find the numeric value of the ‘x‘ variable in the equation. The numeric value of x that satisfies the equation, keeps the equation true, is called the solution to the equation.

So how do we start solving any equation? Well, there are a number of operations we can do on any equation and these operations are our main tools in Algebra. In Algebra, the number one concept to understand is that on equality. Any equation, or equality, can be modified by doing the same arithmetical operation to BOTH SIDES of the equation. For example, let’s take another look at the equation “x+6 = 16”. Let’s subtract a constant from both sides of the equation, in this case 6.

(x+6) – 6 = (16) – 6 On the left side of the equation, 6-6 = 0, so those two terms cancel out leaving only x. And on the right side of the equation, 16-6 = 10, so 10 remains on the right side. So after we have subtracted 6 from both sides, we are left with this equation: x = 10. Notice the form of this final equation. What is left is actually the solution to the equation! If we now know that x is equal to 6, then if we substitute 6 for x in the original equation, we’ll find that the equality is still true.

X + 6 = 16 : (10) + 6 = 16 Notice that 10 + 6 does equal 16, so we know that x = 10 is a correct solution to the equation. This was a very simple example of solving an algebraic equation. Once again, the most important concept to understand about solving algebraic equations is how to do operations on BOTH sides of the equation. The main method of solving a simple equation like this is called “isolating the variable” where on one side of the equation is only the variable term and on the other side is everything else. With this, we have the basics of elementary algebra.

Let’s try a harder problem and go through all the concepts so far:

3x + 24 = 8 + 5x : notice that there are 4 terms in the equation; 3x and 24 in the left expression, 8 and 5x in the right expression. So if we want to solve the equation, we need to isolate the variable, ‘x‘. In order to do that, we have to do arithmetical operations to each side of the equation. Since there a term with x on both sides of equation, we can do an operation to manipulate the equation so that x is only on one side of the equation. Since 3x is less than 5x, we can subtract 3x from both sides of the equation thereby leaving the equation with x on only one side of the equation.

(3x + 24) – 3x = (8 + 5x) – 3x :

3x – 3x + 24 = 8 + 5x – 3x :

24 = 8 + 2x
So now that we have only one x term on one side of the equation, we can take the next step in isolating x by subtracting 8 from both sides of the equation.

(24) – 8 = (8 + 2x) – 8 :

16 = 2x
One more step and we can completely isolate x thereby finding the solution for the equation. Let’s divide both sides of the equation by 2.

(16)/2 = (2x)/2 :

8 = x
Now we have solved the equation for x. If we go back to the original equation and substitute 8 for x, we will hopefully find that the equality still holds true.

3*(8) + 24 = 8 + 5*(8) :

24 + 24 = 8 + 40 :

48 = 48

This just about wraps up the basics of elementary algebra. In the next part I will go more in depth and develop the basic concepts discussed in this first part. For now, there are a few definitions to understand that are important for every stage of algebra from here on out.

Definitions:

term – Any number or variable, coefficient or not, in an equation or expression. Example (terms are in bold):

3x + 4 = y/2 + 10

variable
– A symbol used to represent either a single number or a set of possible numbers. Example: “a,b,c,x,y,z

expression – A set of numbers, variables, and various arithmetical operations connecting each term. Example “4x²+ 2x + 9”

equation – An equation says that two “things”, either terms or expressions, are equal to each other.

Example: “7 – c = 1 + 2c

Check out Grockit and reserve your session with Nicky for more ACT practice!

Excessive Wordiness

Notice anything wrong with the title of this article? No, there are no spelling or grammar errors. Technically, nothing is “wrong” with the title, but it could be improved: remove the word “excessive,” and the title will no longer be wordy. I know what you’re thinking. How can a single adjective–and a seemingly appropriate one at that–add wordiness? Simple. The word “excessive” is unnecessary and redundant. Since “wordiness,” by its very definition, denotes an excess of words, the phrase “excessive wordiness” means “an excess of an excess of words,” which is pretty ridiculous. This is the way you should be thinking to catch wordiness on the SAT.

Nearly every Improving Sentences question will contain an answer choice guilty of wordiness. It is your job to pick the most concise and clear answer choice that retains all necessary information. This point cannot be emphasized enough. Somehow, many students believe that, when it comes to writing, more is better. This fallacy may have been inadvertently encouraged by minimum word counts for school essays. If you happen to believe in this fallacy, I’m here to disabuse and enlighten you.

Wordiness comes in the form of unnecessary words (words that can be deleted to aid the clarity of the sentence), redundancies (words that simply repeat what has already been stated), and clunky phrases that could be easily reduced to single words.

Let’s check out a few examples of wordy sentences from Grockit.

Translations of French poetry into English demand significant rewordings of the poems because each language is so different from the other in possessing a different rhythm.

Now, if you read the underlined portion of this sentence and don’t cringe with disgust, we have some work to do. Don’t worry, though. Sensitivity to wordiness can be learned. You’ll have the keen eye of a snooty NY Times editor in no time. In this example, read the underlined portion, and try to summarize the meaning of the portion in your mind. If it seems a little difficult to make sense of the portion, or if you can summarize it in much fewer words, chances are there is a wordiness error. With the phrase “Because each language is so different from the other in possessing a different rhythm,” it sounds like the author is trying to say “because the languages possess different rhythms.” I just improved the clarity of the sentence by deleting eight words. Indeed, that is the correct answer:

Translations of French poetry into English demand significant rewordings of the poems because the languages possess different rhythms.

Here’s a less flagrant example of wordiness:

Since the border controls were lax at several points, the result was that the smugglers were successfully able to move the contraband into the neighboring country.

This example demonstrates a much simpler kind of wordiness: unnecessary phrases. The phrase “the result was that” is superfluous. The construction of the sentence, beginning with “Since” and ending with an independent clause, already tells us that the second clause will reveal the “result” of the sentence. All you have to do to fix this sentence is remove the superfluous phrase:

Since the border controls were lax at several points, the smugglers were successfully able to move the contraband into the neighboring country

Here’s an example similar to the previous one:

Interest in everyone he encounters, in their lives and feelings, has led to Joe’s encounters with not only many interesting strangers but also a few which are very dull to him.

Since we know that the descriptions of the strangers are influenced by Joe’s opinions of them, there is no reason to say that some strangers are dull “to him.” Just simplify by saying this:

Interest in everyone he encounters, in their lives and feelings, has led to Joe’s encounters with not only many interesting strangers but also a few dull ones.

You might notice that nearly all the correct answers here are shorter than the errors. This trend has led many to believe that the shortest answer in Improving Paragraphs is always the best. If this sounds too good to be true, that’s because it is. While correct answers tend to be shorter than the errors, there are notable exceptions. Here’s the real deal: if you are between answers that are grammatically correct (that means you know the rules) and retain all necessary information, go for the shorter one. If you can express a thought in fewer words, go for it.

College Spotlight: The University of Vermont

3The University of Vermont is located in the bucolic small town of Burlington, Vermont, a stone’s throw away from Lake Champlain. This university with a small school feel defies expectations; it is both approachably small and features enough academic offerings to interest any college student’s most wide-ranging interests. The college has about 10,371 undergraduates and a student-faculty ratio of 17 to 1. Class sizes range from smaller seminars to large lectures; there is about an even mix between the two. The average class size is about 23.

UVM is composed of ten colleges, including the College of Arts and Sciences, where most students enroll. There are about one hundred majors to choose from at UVM and more than 1,882 classes offered. These include a forestry seminar where students become up to date on current themes in the study of forests, and a classics course on “Greek Feminism.” The Honors College attracts the best and brightest from around the country to study in Burlington. UVM is also known for its outstanding environmental program; it has been ranked one of the “greenest colleges” in Forbes. The Rubenstein School of Natural Resources stands out as a center of research and advocacy for the environment.

As for campus life, the school is known for its focus on the environment as much in the classroom as outside. The Outing Club is very popular. A recent (and successful) drive to use all recycled paper for the copiers was spearheaded by students. There is a somewhat active Greek life, including eleven fraternities and seven sororities. The Vermont Cynic, perhaps the greatest-named student newspaper in the country, publishes on-campus every week.

Let’s talk about admissions. The average SAT score for freshman students is 540-640 for reading, 550-640 for math and 540-640 for writing; the average ACT is 24-28 although most applicants take the SAT. As for GPA, the school does not keep track but writes on their admissions website that an incoming student’s average high school grades fall between a B+ and an A-. The cost of the school is reasonable, including room and board it is about $22,550 for Vermont residents and $40,406 for non-residents. Admiringly, UVM gives at least two-thirds of its students merit scholarships; more than half receive financial aid.

If you love academics, the environment, the outdoors, and New England, then look no further than the University of Vermont. With so much to offer, it is no wonder that high school students from around the country are flocking to the school. It is truly a hidden value college, one whose academic profile has only increased in the past few years; it is truly worth a second look.

Inequalities on the SAT

The basic symbols for inequalities are:

< less than

Example: x < 7 means all numbers less than 7.

> greater than

Example: x > 4 means that x can be all numbers greater than 4.

≤ less than or equal to

Example: x ≤ ½ means that x can be ½ or any number less than ½

≥ greater than or equal to

Example: x ≥ 0 means that x can equal 0 or be any number greater than 0

It can be helpful to think of the symbol like a Pac-man mouth. Just like in the arcade game, you always want the most points so you need to eat the biggest numbers. I had one teacher who called it an “alligator” and used to draw funny teeth inside! However you choose to think about it, it’s important to remember that the “mouth” of the inequality symbol will always open towards the bigger number.

What makes inequalities different from equations is that inequalities represent a range of possible solutions. There will be multiple correct answers for x. The inequality you are left with when you simplify is simply an expression for the total range of x.

When you solve an inequality, you solve exactly the same way you do as an equation.

For example:

2x – 4 > 12
+ 4 + 4
2x > 16
/2 /2
x > 8

If this was an equation, our answer would have been x = 8. Here, x cannot equal 8 because there is no “equals to” symbol below the “mouth.” For this inequality, x can equal any value greater than 8, but not 8 itself.

If we were to graph this on a number line, we would draw an open circle at the number 8 and an arrow extending to the right. It must be an open circle to indicate that 8 itself is not a possible value. The arrow extends to the right because that is where the numbers greater than 8 are located. If the answer was x ≥ 8, we would draw a closed circle (a circle bubbled in like on the SAT answer grid).

There is one important rule to remember when solving inequalities:

If you multiply or divide by a negative number, flip the direction of the inequality.

For example:

- 4x + 8 ≤ 32
- 8 -8
- 4x ≤ 24
/-4 /-4
x ≥ -6

When we divided the -4 by both sides of the inequality, we had to flip the sign. On a number line, we would draw a closed circle at -6 and an arrow extending to the right. Keep this rule in your head and make sure to graph your answers on a number line when you practice inequalities!

College Spotlight: The University of Virginia

5The University of Virginia is a standout public research university with a small college feel. Nestled in the Blue Ridge mountains, and surrounded by suburbs and farmland, UVa is located in the small town of Charlottesville (population 45,049), known to locals as the ’Ville. Some 13,617 students call the school home. Since its founding by third president Thomas Jefferson in 1819, the University of Virginia has been known for its diversity of academic offerings and the strength of its program. Truly a Renaissance Man, Jefferson believed that students should major in their interests and this holds true today; some ten different schools offer forty eight different degrees for undergrads.

Academics takes center-stage at Virginia. The student-faculty ratio is a respectable 15 to 1. The most popular major is economics; UVa is also known for its political science and history departments. Academically motivated Echols Scholars are given special treatment, including a dorm.  The Distinguished Majors program is open to any student who wants to complete a thesis during his or her final year. The Honor System defines academic life at the school; according to the code a student will not do three things: lie, cheat, or steal upon penalty of expulsion. Since 1842, it has served as the academic equivalent of the highest law of the land.

The campus is truly beautiful and one of the selling points of the school. Jefferson personally designed the grounds as he developed the school; his home, Monticello is nearby. The by all appearances colonial Lawn is the center of campus but the Rotunda, a monument based upon the Pantheon, is perhaps the highlight.

Some famous alumni include Woodrow Wilson, Edgar Allen Poe (who unsurprisingly did not graduate) Ted Kennedy Tina Fey of 30 Rock, and Katie Couric of The CBS Evening News. Virginia seems to attract the best and the brightest, especially in politics, as it is known for its powerful coterie of graduates in government.

The average GPA of an admitted UVa student is 4.1. It has about a 31% admissions rate. As for SATs, according to the website, the middle fifty percent scored from 1250-1430. There is nothing average about the typical applicant, this person has participated in a host of extra-curriculars, demonstrated leadership, and is ready to work very hard for the degree.

Virginia is known for its sports. It is a Division I NCAA school. Both their basketball and football teams are well-known as dominant in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). Cavalier fans cheer on the football team pretty much every Sunday in the fall at Scott Stadium. Virginia has a variety of teams and intramurals outside of these two sports; students are known to hit the gym, making it one of the most athletic campuses in the country.

There are also a number of secret societies still practicing on campus, including the Z Society and the Seven Society. The Seven Society does not have an email system in place; instead those wishing to speak to them must put an envelope on or in the Thomas Jefferson statue on campus. The The Jefferson Literary and Debating Society is another society which is not so secret; among other duties, they bring high profile speakers to campus. Their rivals are the Washington Literary Society and Debating Union; both travel and host debate tournaments on campus.

The University of Virginia is at its most beautiful during graduation season, when all of the students are swathed in robes and proud parents look on as their children walk the podium to “take” their degrees. They have very good reason to be proud; after four years of academic rigor, University of Virginia students truly are ready to conquer the world outside the ‘Ville.

Check out more:

A Short History of UVa

Applying to College: Part Three – Applying for Financial Aid

2Just like your applications process, a key thing to remember about the scholarship process is to stay organized. When you find a scholarship that you feel competitive for mark its due date on your wall calendar. Create a folder for it and aim to have it complete a week before its official due date.

When you get your financial aid package from your school of choice, don’t start crying. Think of it as an opening bid in a negotiation. Your financial aid package is at the discretion of a few people who genuinely want to help you attend their institution. Don’t be afraid to contact them and explain your financial situation. In the meantime, let’s look at how you can bring in some cash!

Find Scholarships That Fit You

There is no shortage of scholarships out there. They range from the incredibly prestigious with hefty gift amounts (the Coca-Cola Scholars Program gives out up to $20,000 for example) to the downright silly. There are scholarships at the local, state and national level. It will take awhile to find ones that are worth your time but online research is a great place to start. I recommend College Board’s Scholarship Search (http://apps.collegeboard.com/cbsearch_ss/welcome.jsp) and Fast Web (www.fastweb.com). Both sites offer searchable databases of scholarships which will help match scholarships to your online profile.

Consider looking for scholarships based on your gender, race, religion and field of study. Pay attention to see if the scholarship money is awarded directly to the recipients or if it is sent to the school of your choice. Many schools will decrease their financial aid packages proportionally with the amount of outside scholarship you receive. Call your schools and see what their policies are – will they decrease the amount of loans first before they take away some of your grant money? Here is where having a friend in the Application Office can come in handy – get a referral to someone in the Financial Aid department you can call and ask!

FAFSA/CSS Profile

The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (known as the FAFSA) is a requirement for most schools to process a Financial Aid Application. The application is available after January 1st of each year online (http://www.fafsa.ed.gov/). Your parents may need to estimate their income for the rest of the fiscal year, so give them plenty of notice to gather the information they’ll need to give you the right numbers.

You may also need to fill out the CSS Profile (https://profileonline.collegeboard.com/prf/index.jsp). CSS is short for the College Scholarship Service Profile and it is more detailed than the FAFSA. If you are applying to schools for Early Decision you will most likely have to fill out the CSS Profile since the FAFSA is not available until the New Year.

Types of Loans

In addition to any grant money you can win through scholarships or through Pell Grants (also a great source of extra money to explore), you can expect that part of your financial aid package will involve loans.

Federal loans are usually the best way to go since they can offer deferment of interest and a lower rate than most banks. Here are the ones you’ll need to know about:

Federal Stafford Loans – These are awarded based on financial need and there are three kinds to choose from:

Subsidized – This type of loan means that the government will pay the interest on it while the student is enrolled.

Unsubsidized – For students who don’t qualify for subsidized loans, unsubsidized loans require the student to be responsible for the entire amount of interest.

Additional Unsubsidized – These loans are for independent students, as determined by Federal guidelines. Students become eligible if their parents are denied a PLUS loan (for having bad credit, for example).

PLUS Loans – These are low-interest loans for the parents of students who qualify based on financial need – repayment is required upon graduation or completion of the loan.

Federal Perkins Loans – These loans are for students with extreme financial need. Usually they do not accrue interest for 9 months after graduation and have extremely low interest rates.

In addition to grants and loans, your school may offer work-study as part of your financial aid. This involves working a minimum numbers of hours a week on-campus tax-free.

Get Supplemental Info Ready to Go

Many of the items you’ll need for scholarships you will already be obtaining anyway for your college applications. These can include transcripts, resumes, and personal statements. Make sure you have plenty of copies at your disposal so that you won’t run out and have to scramble to meet deadlines. You may also be required to submit your parents’ tax return for the previous fiscal year, so ask them to make copies of that for you as well.

While the application process will be over for you in January, applying for financial aid is an on-going process that will take you well into the spring. Try not to get discouraged if you apply for 50 scholarships and only get a few. Stay positive and motivated and keep putting that extra effort into your applications. Remember – free money is out there with your name on it! You just have to go and get it.

ACT or SAT?

It’s the ultimate showdown between the frightening acronyms: SAT or ACT? Which test should you take? On which test will you score better? These questions are answered on Grockit’s guest blog  at www.eduinreview.com by Grockit’s very own SAT and ACT tutor, Jordan Schonig. Our friends at Eduinreview are dedicated to helping students through all areas of the education process.  Follow them on Twitter for up-to-date educational news and life tips! Check out Frequently Asked Questions About the SATs and ACTs today!

Applying to College: Part Two – Managing the Process

So you’ve got your list of “safety,” “match” and “reach” schools and you’ve done your homework on each program and campus, now what? To effectively handle the entire process of filling out applications, there are a few things you’ll need to keep in mind.

Get organized!    12

It may sound obvious, but even the most organized student can get overwhelmed by the amount of papers flying about so you’ll have to work extra hard to stay on top of all of the deadlines. I recommend going to Office Max or Staples and purchasing a dry-erase school-year calendar. Put it on your bedroom wall and immediately fill in all of the application due dates. Let’s say you are applying to 8 schools. Don’t expect to fill out each application a week before they’re due. Give yourself at least a week to complete each one. That means for 8 apps, you should be getting starting with the applications a minimum of two months before the due dates. This will give you plenty of time to get your supplemental information (transcripts, letters of recommendation, resumes, etc.) in order. You don’t want to rush yourself.

For the physical applications, create a file folder labeled with each school’s name and keep them together in a file box. Many students also make a checklist for each of the application’s components and attach them to the front of each application with a paperclip. As you add a transcript or a personal essay to each application, check it off and note what else needs to be completed.

Give yourself a person due date for each application. Aim to have each fully completed one-two weeks before the actual due date. This is will give you plenty of time to re-read each piece of information for errors before you submit the final application. Photocopy the entire application before you mail it and when you go to the post office, make sure to send it by certified mail so you can get confirmation that it was delivered.

I applied to 13 schools as an undergrad and somehow managed to keep all of the applications organized – if I can do it, so can you!

Getting Letters of Rec

Many students feel shy or embarrassed about asking for letters of recommendation but it’s important to remember that your teachers are there to help and support your dreams. If anything, they should feel flattered that you’re asking!

Check to see what the requirements are for the letters of rec. Usually teachers are preferred but sometimes counselors, community leaders or family friends are acceptable. Obviously you want to choose the people who know you best, but there are ways you can help your recommender write the best possible letter.

When asking, check to see what information your teacher would like to aid them in writing. If you can, provide them with copies of your resume, personal statement and transcript. Explain to them why you are applying to each specific school and how you’d like to come across to the admissions department. Give them a deadline for the letter but try and give them at least 3-4 weeks to write it – they’ll probably have lots of others to write as well). When they complete it, make sure to give them a thank-you card and keep them posted in the spring on the status of your applications.

The Personal Statement

Keep in mind is that you will be writing more than one statement, so it’s important to keep a folder on your computer desktop with each school’s essay clearly titled. As you print off drafts label them ‘Draft #1’, ‘Draft#2’, etc. You will probably be able to recycle the same 2 or 3 essays to fit each school’s prompt, but it’s important to get started early. You don’t want to wait until the week before and then write something slapdash. The personal statement should be the first thing you start working on when you print your application since it will take much time to draft and revise.

The prompts are often incredibly open-ended and generic, so it’s important to be as specific as possible in your writing. Think about the experiences you’ve had in your life, especially those times where you’ve experienced great personal growth. Think about your statement as less of an “essay” and more of a “story.” Read short stories by great writers such as Ernest Hemingway, Katherine Mansfield, and John Cheever. Pay attention to how they draw a reader into an entire world in only a few short pages. Obviously your statement won’t be a work of fiction, but it doesn’t have to be boring! Find something to inspire you – www.npr.org has great short news pieces on people’s lives all around the world. Think of your statement as an opportunity to write a report on the significant people in your life.

Give your drafts to family, friends and teachers for feedback and comments. Don’t take anything personally; be open to their suggestions but stay true to yourself. Ask your readers, “How does the person who wrote this come across?” You want to use experiences from your life to illustrate that you are a mature, intelligent, sensitive individual who is ready to take on the challenges and opportunities of university-life, but the illustration aspect of the essay in important. As my high school English teacher, Mr. Lawrence, used to say, “Show them! Don’t tell.”

As you work through your applications, don’t be afraid to contact the Admission Department at the various schools. If you met an admission counselor at your school’s open house or at a local info session, ask for their business card and follow up with them. Ask them if there is anything you can add to your application to set yourself apart; keep them posted on your progress through e-mail. Making a friend in the Admissions Office can really help you out in the long run if your application ends up on the waiting list. Don’t be obnoxious, but show your eagerness. Schools want to admit students who want them.

Applying to College: Part One – Selecting Schools

5Applying to college can be a daunting process, but it is also an incredibly exciting time. Attending university is an experience that will shape the rest of your life so it’s important to put some serious thought and consideration into your application choices. Let’s focus on what you should take into consideration when choosing where to apply.

What’s Your Major?

You’ll be asked this question hundreds of times when you first arrive as a freshman on campus, and even if you are undecided (many students are at this point) or plan on going in Undeclared, it’s a good idea to make a list of 3-4 majors you are seriously considering. If you’re flip-flopping between Broadcast Journalism and Film Studies, it would be wise to focus on schools that have solid programs in both fields. Transferring is always an option but it’s a lot easier to switch departments than to switch universities, and you don’t want to find yourself having to repeat this same application process in two years.

If you are hoping to be recruited to play sports for a specific school, you will need to be registered with the NCAA Initial Eligibility Clearinghouse. Talk to your coach and find out when recruiters are coming to visit. Follow up with a personal letter explaining your desire to play for them!

Location. Location. Location.

For many students, college is an opportunity to see the world. For others, they’d prefer to stay near family and friends at home. What kind of person are you? If you know you’d like to be close to a big city, focus your research on schools in urban areas like New York, Los Angeles and Chicago. For other students, a smaller liberal-arts school in a less densely-populated area is ideal. In-state tuition can often be less expensive, so if money-hurdles are a concern, then perhaps sending away for applications for schools thousands of miles away isn’t the best idea. If possible, try to plan school visits. There is only so much you can learn about a school from a magazine or Google Earth. Eventually, you’ll need to see it in the flesh. If you can, contact the schools individually and find out about their campus tour schedules. When you go on the tour, ask questions and take notes!

Strategize!

Applying for college can be a bit like gambling in a casino. To ensure that you “win” (i.e. get into at least one good school), it’s important to divide the schools into three categories: ‘Safety’, ‘Match’, and ‘Reach’.

A “safety” school is one that you wouldn’t mind attending but that you are reasonably certain that you’ll be able to get into (research the average GPA and SAT scores of recent incoming freshman to help you figure out which category to place each university). Your scores and grades should be above the average.

A “match” school is one whose statistics on its incoming freshman relatively match your own. You can reasonably expect to get in to a few of your “match” schools, although don’t be disappointed if you are rejected from a few others.

A “reach” school is one that you would love to attend, but that your statistics are a bit lower than the average incoming freshman. These schools are long-shots, but that’s part of the fun. Who knows – you could be accepted!

One final thing to consider is Early Decision or Early Action. If there is one school in your “reach” category that you dream of attending more than any other, you may want to look into whether or not they have an early-admission option on their application. Typically, these applications are due a little earlier and in exchange students are notified by January. Essentially, if you are accepted you automatically agree to attend.

Application Fees

We all know that paying for college can be expensive, but keep in mind that each application will have an accompanying fee as well. The University of California school system, for example, costs $60 for each school – many private schools charge more. You’ll need to create an application budget. Talk to your parents about what they can afford to spend and ask your college counselor for advice as well.

According to College Board’s website, if you’ve participated in the SAT Program Fee-Waiver Service, you may also be eligible to waive application fees at the colleges to which you’re applying. Check out collegeboard.com for a directory of participating schools.

Schools, like people, have personalities. There’s a huge difference between Middlebury and NYU. Schools have reputations for a reason – they aren’t always true, but it’s important to understand what you might be potentially getting yourself into. Ask yourself the big questions: Does a ‘name’ school matter to me? Do I want more focused one-on-one attention from my professors? Do I want to join a sorority/fraternity? Even if you don’t know all of the answers, you’ll want to do plenty of research now so that you will genuinely love your program, campus and community.